2022年四川成人高考高起點(diǎn)《英語）》復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)2：名詞的作用

    名詞在句子中的作用：名詞在句子中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語，有時(shí)可以作狀語。

　　名詞、代詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語保持一致。

　　1.主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;主語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

        All roads lead to Rome。(條條大路通羅馬。)

　　His brother is an industrial engineer。

　　The number of the students attending the party is increasing。

　　★the number of 表示數(shù)量，無論后面名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式。

　　Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me。

　　★two-thirds 三分之二

　　幾分之幾作主語，謂語是單數(shù)形式。

　　belong to 屬于某人

　　Both of us are studying English。

　　★總結(jié)：在名詞作主語時(shí)，the number of 謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式;

　　幾分之幾，謂語單數(shù)形式;

　　both 謂語使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　2.主語是不可數(shù)名詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞詞組、從句時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　All the money he received was given to his mother。

　　Forgetting the past means betrayal。

　　What we are talking now is useless。

　　3.主語部分若有as well as， with， together with， like， but， except等短語，謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與短語前面的名詞一致。

　　Mary， as well as her two sisters， is a student of this school。

　　(as well as her two sisters 作主語Mary的主語補(bǔ)足語，主語 Mary 是單數(shù)，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)

　　No one except my friends knows anything about it。

　　4.表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、價(jià)值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，如果當(dāng)作整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。“…+(×)…=…”算式中的謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。

　　Three times two is six。

　　Three kilometers is 3，ooo metres. (three kilometers作為整體來看)

　　5.Either， neither作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　Neither of us has been to Italy。

　　Has either of them been to Shanghai?

　　none代表可數(shù)的人或東西時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　None of the students have/has seen the film。

　　None of the money belongs to me。

　　6.主語由either…or， neither…nor， not only…but also連接時(shí)，謂語形式由最鄰近的主語決定。

　　Not only you but also I am wrong。

　　Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon。

　　Either you or she is to do the work。

　　7.主語中有and，如果表示單一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　The bread and butter is nice。

　　8.主語前有many a， more than one修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　Many a book has been read by the students。

　　★many a book=many books

　　More than one person has been to the Great Wall。

　　9.集合名詞作主語，當(dāng)作整體看待時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，當(dāng)作每個(gè)獨(dú)立的個(gè)體看待時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　The committee meets once a year. (作為整體)

　　The committee are having a meeting now. (作為獨(dú)立個(gè)體)

　　People， police作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　The police have come to arrest him。